Criminologia midiática e necropolítica: o discurso da Rede Globo sobre o MST

Abstract

This research has as its object of study the media discourse of the broadcaster Rede Globo, through the anchors of Jornal Nacional, William Bonner and Renta Vasconcellos, in the light of media criminology and necropolitics. The corpus is made up of interviews carried out with the four best placed candidates, according to the IBOPE survey, for the presidency of the republic in 2022, namely: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), Jair Bolsonaro (PL), Ciro Gomes (PDT) and Simone Tebet (MDB). The interviews were chosen because they are a media discourse that, due to the polarization of the presidential election that year, carries many ideological marks and identity flags. Furthermore, due to the strength of the Network in producing and shaping public opinion (MELLO, 2020), mainly due to the high numbers of audiences and subscribers (MOM-Brasil, 2017). In the production of this work, we sought to outline a panorama of the media, with an emphasis on Rede Globo, as a way of recovering the broadcaster's history of discursive production, as well as rescuing the history of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores sem Terra – MST (Landless Workers Movement), since the subjects are historical and the speeches given are temporally related to what was said before and what is yet to be said (PÊCHEUX, [1975] 1988; ORLANDI, 2013). As a theoretical contribution, we have media criminology, a concept developed by Zaffaroni (2012), and necropolitics, developed by Mbembe (2018), guiding the analysis regarding the perception of the media discourse delivered and the ideological, political and social strategies involved, since that this is a political context of polarization. Media criminology deals with the use of the media to create a stereotype of the “enemy”, one that can be used as a scapegoat for the entire feeling of fear and insecurity generated in the population, due to a generalized terror, produced and present only in the media (ZAFFARONI, 2012). Still in the theoretical framework, we have the idea of a State that uses its institutions of power to generate a policy of death for individuals seen as useless, or problematic for its interests, and, therefore, disposable (MBEMBE, 2018). Finally, we use Discourse Analysis as a methodological framework for identifying and conceptualizing what is considered discourse and Discursive Formations (FOUCAULT, 2008; PÊCHEUX, [1975] 1988; ORLANDI, 2013), selected excerpts from the interviews for analysis, following no only media criminology and necropolitics as a plane of interpretation, but also the analysis of said, unsaid and silencing (PÊCHEUX, [1975] 1988; ORLANDI, 2013), since it is in the interaction between what is said and what one chooses not to say that meanings are negotiated and constructed. Our research hypothesis was proven by showing that, through Discursive Formations, its pattern of repetition of the same speech and its sayings, unsaid and silenced, Rede Globo creates a vision, a reality present only in the media (ZAFFARONI, 2012), in order to criminalize the MST, reinforcing necropolitics (MBEMBE, 2018),