Avaliação do perfil microbiano de culturas do trato respiratório de pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva em um hospital do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the main concerns of health professionals in relation to patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU), and for a safe diagnosis, the biomedical is one of the main professionals responsible for the analysis and culture of secretions from the respiratory tract. In view of this, the present study aimed to analyze the etiological agents and their antimicrobial profile, derived from secretions from the respiratory tract of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU at a private hospital in Rio Grande do Norte. A non-parametric, retrospective and cross-sectional study carried out between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. From the results obtained between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022, the main genera and species responsible by infectious conditions. Of 505 samples analyzed, 253 were considered positive. Gram negative bacilli were predominant in 227 isolates (90.07%), followed by 13 Gram positive cocci (5.15%) and 12 yeasts (4.76%). Among the Gram negative bacilli, the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa represented 45 .37%, of Gram positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus was equivalent to 69.23% and of the total number of identified yeasts, Candida albicans corresponded to 58.33%.Of the analyzed antibiotics, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and sulfonamides showed the lowest resistance index when compared with other classes of antimicrobials such as macrolides, carbapenems and penicillin associated with clavulanic acid. Among the Gram negative bacilli, 21.14% isolated showed one or more resistance mechanism. Regarding cocci, 30.76% isolated showed resistance induced to Clindamycin and of these, 3 were resistant to Erythromycin. No MRSA or VRE isolates were identified. Regarding yeasts, Candida glabrata was sensitive to all antifungals tested. That said, this study explains the relevance of the biomedical professional in the analysis process and diagnosis, as well as the assertive use of antimicrobials, the investigation of the microbiota in hospital environments and the mapping of the resistance mechanisms presented.