Análise da participação das micro e pequenas empresas em pregões eletrônicos realizados por uma instituição federal: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The 1988 Federal Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, in Article 170, section IX, among the general principles of economic activity, granted favorable treatment to micro and small businesses, and in Article 179, it granted differentiated legal treatment aimed at incentivizing them by simplifying their obligations (BRAZIL, 1988). Complementary Law N°. 123/2006 and the new Law on Public Procurement and Administrative Contracts, Law N°. 14.133/2021, ensured the application of benefits to micro and small businesses in accessing the public procurement market (BRAZIL, 2006; 2021). The Statute and the Institutional Development Plan 2020 - 2029 of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte defined among the principles to be achieved by the Institution, the contribution to the "socioeconomic development of the state, the region and the country" (UFRN, 2002; 2020). Applied research, mixed approach, descriptive and exploratory, aiming to identify and analyze the factors that disqualify micro-enterprises and small businesses in electronic auctions carried out by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Procedures such as documentary research, focus group, and questionnaire were used to identify the reasons that led to the disqualification of micro and small businesses in electronic bids held from 2019 to 2021. Such events were categorized and classified, demonstrating that non-compliance with the specification requirements of the item being bid and the referential price were the main reasons for rejecting proposals, and non-compliance with the technical qualification of companies was the most frequent occurrence of disqualification. The focus group of bidders proposed training of the agents involved in the entire chain of the electronic bidding process as one of the main ways to mitigate future occurrences. The work was limited to the feasibility of the analysis for classifying proposals or qualifying a company where it could hide other non-evaluated occurrences and, at the public agency, there was a dialogue only with the division of the external phase of purchases. A situational diagnosis, an electronic auction FAQ – suppliers, a proposal to hold a purchasing and contracting forum at the researched institution and an executive presentation with a micro and small business development agency were carried out.