Uso de bactérias para biorremediação de solo contaminado por hidrocarbonetos derivados de petróleo em experimentos no Brasil

Abstract

The increasing environmental contamination by hydrocarbons derived from petroleum due to the global demand for fossil fuels. Bioremediation appears as a safe and economical solution, using microorganisms to degrade contaminants, especially in gas stations and old tanks. Petroleum, a nonrenewable source, comprises a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, evaluated by the parameters of total petroleum hydrocarbons (HTP). Soil contamination by petroleum derivatives has become an environmental and public health concern, driving the search for solutions, with emphasis on bioremediation. Microorganisms such as bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas play a crucial role in the degradation of hydrocarbons in this process. Optimizing environmental conditions is vital for the effectiveness of biological degradation. The theoretical framework highlights environmental and health impacts, emphasizing the bioaugmentation technique in bioremediation. The research proposes a bibliographic survey focused on experiments with bacteria in Brazil over the last 20 years, using specific databases. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of bioremediation as a response to global environmental challenges, emphasizing the continued need for research in this crucial area.