Contribuições das vivências na atenção primária à saúde para a formação do sanitarista: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

The goal of a health professional is to improve health services and contribute to professionals and users, both in planning and management and in the formulation of public health policies. During their training, students also go through experiences that bring them closer to the professional reality. In this sense, this study aims to identify the contributions of experiences in Primary Health Care to the training of undergraduates in public health. This study was developed through two research methods: a narrative review of the literature on the subject, which followed the following steps: definition of the research question; identification of relevant sources of information; reading and selection of evidence; organization, analysis and interpretation of results. The research was carried out in databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, the repository of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and the Virtual Health Library (BVS) following the descriptions: Training and “Public Health” and Internship and “Primary Health Care”; “Internship in Primary Health Care” and “Public Health”; and Training and “Public Health”. Complementary to this study, the experience of the curricular internship in Public Health, based on the insertion of the student in the service, allowing to know the reality and health practices within the scope of Primary Health Care. According to the analysis of the results, seven files were identified, published between the years 2013 and 2023, among them the following methods were used, 3 (42.86%) documents used the experience report method, 2 (28.57%) are theoretical studies, 1 (14.29%) case study, and 1 (14.29%) integrative literature review. Thus, teaching-service through the internship and the synthesis of the available knowledge on the subject in question, based on a critical analysis of the literature, are configured as an essential strategy for the integration of theory with the professional practice of the sanitarian. The opportunity to experience the daily life of the unit demonstrated the complexity of the teamwork process in Primary Care. In this sense, it promotes mutual learning, contributing to the improvement of the student's practical skills, impact on the community and services in which the experiences occur, considering the social reality and dynamics of the territory in which the internship field is inserted. In addition to the content that the literature already translates about and the repercussion of practical activity as training, enabling the dissemination of professional practice.