Vírus do Nilo Ocidental: um estudo introdutório

Abstract

Arboviruses are responsible for some of the main viral diseases in Brazil, such as dengue, yellow fever, zika and chikungunya fever. For a long time, Brazil has been facing cycles of arbovirus epidemics, causing a serious public health problem. The large number of cases of arboviruses and a variety of circulating viruses that cause disease in humans, demonstrates that the country offers the necessary conditions for the proliferation of vectors and maintenance of arboviruses throughout the Brazilian territory. In addition to the widely circulating arboviruses in the country, others, such as West Nile virus, which causes West Nile Fever, can emerge at any time as a cause of epidemic outbreaks in the local population. In this context, the present study deals with West Nile Virus and Fever, and aims to identify and analyze studies that address this theme, through a literature review based on the analysis of scientific articles published in four major databases: CAPES Journals, Science Direct, SciELO and Google Scholar. We analyzed articles that address the following topics: The virus and its characteristics in West Nile Fever, epidemiological aspects and panorama of the disease and viral circulation in Brazil. Thus, it was observed that despite few cases identified in the country, their occurrence demonstrates the adaptation of arbovirus in Brazil and its transmission capacity, therefore, the importance of epidemiological surveillance and further research in order to develop appropriate treatment.