Equilíbrio líquido-líquido e análises para soluções ternárias contendo diesel, tensoativo e glicerina

Abstract

The rising consumption of fossil fuels, especially diesel, as an energy source for the transport sector is an environmental concern with regards to emissions of pollutant gases. A parallel to this scenario is an increasing number of research projects for the development of biofuels, which are a cleaner alternative, since they come from renewable sources and are considered as less pollutant than diesel oil. Biodiesel is considered as a type of biofuel, capable of generating energy from renewable sources, although presenting a large volume formation of glycerin, which ends up generating a surplus product on the market, which still can not absorb all production generated. From this context, ternary diagrams were developed and studied to represent the liquid-liquid equilibrium between solutions of diesel, surfactant and glycerin, where the binodal curves, tie-lines and multiphase regions of these diagrams were determined. The results showed that it was possible to construct the proposed topics, with the single - phase regions characterized as microemulsion and with well - defined regions, while the multiphase region is characterized as an emulsion, representing, in general, the region with the largest area within the ternary. The constructed tie-lines reveal the solubility between the reagents under study and also indicate the existence of regions with different number of phases inside the same region in the ternary. Finally, the multiphase regions presented varied in behavior: some regions contain compositions that characterize solutions with two and more phases.