A poética do projeto: a expressão tectônica de projetos arquitetônicos desenvolvidos em trabalhos finais de graduação em escolas brasileiras de arquitetura e urbanismo

Abstract

In this thesis, the question is if the architectural projects developed in final undergraduate works express the concern with the place, regarding the relation building-site and the choice of materials and constructive systems. In other words, what is the tectonic expression of the final undergraduate works in the framptonian sense. The thesis subject of study is the insertion of the tectonics in the architecture projects developed in the final undergraduate works of four Architecture and Urbanism schools of Brazil, between the years of 2009 and 2013. As a universe of analysis, the works of four selected educational institutions were used for analysis, where it was tried to understand how the architectural projects developed by the students are expressed tectonically, with respect to the topographical and cultural dimensions of the place considering, especially, the importance of the constructive materiality of the architecture, its tectonic expression as a construction, as well as of the academic works of end of course as source of investigation of the professional formation in the area. The hypothesis is that a significant part of the students of Architecture and Urbanism courses do not clearly demonstrate, the architectural projects developed in their undergraduate works, the role of site/place of implementation particularities in the definition of the party and development of the initial ideas, nor the influence of the cultural context on the choice of materials and constructive systems adopted, which is mainly due to the prevalence of a project culture based more on form and function, relegating the tectonic dimensions to a secondary plane. In the research was carried out a case study through analytical and interpretative methodological procedures through direct observation and the analysis of the final undergraduate works in the area of Architectural Project of four schools considered of reference in this field in Brazil. The Architecture and Urbanism courses analyzed are part of the following institutions: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Paraíba, University of São Paulo and State University of Campinas. Technical procedures for multiple case studies were carried out, the approach being essentially of a qualitative nature. It was noticed that there is a disparity in the format of development of the final undergraduate works of the four schools and that this is due in large part to the specific norms in which the guidelines for its development are fixed. In addition, the results obtained in the analysis of the final undergraduate works were confronted with the bibliography, indicating the pertinence of the analysis of these projects from the perspective of the framptonian tectonics, which takes into account a group of characteristics related to the site of implantation which, according to the author, are essential to the design exercise. The results obtained also allowed the verification of the research hypothesis.