Turismo, território e desenvolvimento: um olhar a partir do Arquipélago de Bazaruto - Moçambique

Abstract

In current's world, the tourism phenomenon operates under the capitalist reproduction system, associated with the acceleration of international investments that concentrates, at the same time, a circulation of goods and services, people, information and capital. Given this, a territorial obedience to the relations of interest encompassed by exogenous projections. Therefore, this research aims to study the tourism process in the territory of the Bazaruto Archipelago in Mozambique, considering the role of tourism and the need to improve the living conditions of the local community, especially regarding the materialities of tourism public policies in territorial development. This research is based on a qualitative approach using the researcher's direct and interactive contact with the research subjects. A bibliographical analysis encompasses a debate on the expansion of tourism that indicates the effects of capital production. It also relies on authors such as Sen (2010) and Max-neef (1998), who conceive the development based on the valorisation of people and social groups through the expansion of human individual and collective capacities. The results show that tourism as a socio-spatial phenomenon under an international market allows the appropriation of territory by large corporations. Because of this, not all territories develop equally, since the priority and the particularities of each territory are paramount, so they are limited by the distinct socioeconomic frameworks of the place, and it is necessary to consider woven power relations and public policies. The companies manifest themselves in a hegemonic manner, in addition to having a technical base in which intentionalities are increased aiming at capital accumulation, leading to aggravation of sociospatial segregation and, as a rule, increasing vulnerability of the native population.