Os efeitos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica na morfologia da artéria aorta de ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or even the ineffectiveness of insulin in the body. Chronic exposure of the organism to the hyperglycemic state promotes macro and microvascular disorders. Considering that alterations in the transverse arterial size, of its tunics and fibrosis are very common findings in this condition. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a promising adjuvant therapy in the treatment of various pathologies, such as chronic wounds and cerebral ischemia. Recent studies demonstrate the positive effect of this therapeutic modality on vascular repair and restoration of blood flow to various tissues. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the possible therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on vascular morphology, specifically, in the aorta artery of diabetic animals. Methodology: Twenty rats were divided into 3 groups: healthy control group (CS), diabetic group (DM) and diabetic group treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (DM+HBOT). DM1 was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) - 40 mg/kg i.v. The DM+HBOT group underwent treatment 2 weeks after induction of DM1, using a protocol of 5 weeks of treatment, 5 times a week, 60 minutes, with 100% oxygen at a pressure of 2.5 ATM. The following morphological characteristics of the vessels were analyzed: area and thickness of the arterial wall, lumen area, density of endothelial and collagen cells and external diameter of the vessel. For data with normal distribution, the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used. P < 0.05 was adopted for statistical significance. Results: The animals in the DM and DM+HBOT groups presented hyperglycemia and loss of body weight compared to the CS (P < 0.05). There was an increase in the external diameter of the vessel in the DM group when compared to the CS (P < 0.05). The other variables analyzed did not show significant changes. Conclusion: The 7-week DM1 was able to cause remodeling in the arterial diameter of diabetic rats. The DM+HBOT group showed no statistical differences in relation to DM.