Absenteísmo e suas causas no contexto da saúde dos trabalhadores em oncologia: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

The high pace of work, added to the physical and psychological demands, lead to stress in personal and work contexts, which causes people to withdraw from their work environments, as one of the reasons mentioned for work incapacity, is stress. Stress is defined as an individual's physiological, psychological and behavioral response in order to adapt to environmental and internal demands, being seen as a stimulant and a source of balance. Added to this, other causes can be included, such as the professional's life habits, including: cigarettes, alcohol, lack of physical exercise, sleep deprivation, among others, which are harmful to health. This reality has been widely observed in the hospital setting, possibly associated with problems related to compassion fatigue, common in oncology services. The motivation of this study was to understand the reason for the absenteeism numbers in oncology, and if this episode occurs due to the work process itself. So the aim of the research was: to investigate the causes of absenteeism among professionals exposed to environmental risks in cancer hospitals. This is a scope review on the theme of absenteeism, which indicates new directions for future investigations. A literature review was carried out to give strength to the topic. This review was built on three pillars: 1) The multidisciplinary work process in oncology and the risk of illness; 2) The absenteeism of health professionals in oncology; 3) The problem of the COVID-19 pandemic for health workers. Subsequently, the descriptors were chosen and based on them, searches were carried out in the electronic databases PUBMED, LILACS and SCOPUS. After reading, those who did not answer the research question were excluded, thus obtaining a result of 10 (ten) studies. As a result, it was found that the main disorders, which lead to incapacity for work and, in turn, absenteeism, were of psychic origin (depression and Burnout Syndrome) and of musculoskeletal origin. For better understanding, the main subjects were divided into subtopics, such as: occupational diseases, stress and mental illness; life habits and presenteeism; finitude, work overload and mental health; coping strategies