Fatores associados à redução da força de preensão palmar de mulheres de meia-idade ao longo de 10 anos

Abstract

Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS) is widely recognized as an essential indicator of functional health and a predictor of conditions such as sarcopenia, frailty, and mortality. Despite its relevance, little is known about the factors that contribute to the accelerated decline in HGS, especially in middle-aged women. This study seeks to understand the variations in HGS over time and the associated factors with the aim of providing support for the development of strategies aimed at preserving muscle function and preventing disabilities in middle-aged women. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, carried out in Parnamirim, RN, which investigated factors associated with HGS in women aged 40 to 65 years between April 2013 and November 2024. The initial sample included 497 participants, excluding those with neurological, physical, or cognitive dysfunctions, and reassessed 248 women. HGS was measured with a portable hydraulic dynamometer, following standardized protocols, and sociodemographic data, physical activity practice and variables related to menopause, such as use of hormone therapy (HRT) and menopausal status, were collected, in addition to assessment of body mass index. Binary logistic regression models evaluated the variables associated with severe loss of HGS (greater than 20% in 10 years). Results: 35.8% of the women evaluated had loss of muscle strength greater than 20%. This was significantly associated with high triglyceride levels (OR=1.78, p=0.05) and absence of HRT (OR=2.74, p=<0.006). Low level of physical activity (OR=1.78, p=0.055) and high blood glucose (OR=1.90, p=0.102) also remained in the final model as potential predictors of severe loss of HGS. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of hormonal and metabolic factors in preserving muscle strength in postmenopausal women. HRT was shown to be a protective factor against strength loss, while high triglyceride and blood glucose levels, as well as low physical activity levels, are important factors that appear to increase the risk of muscle strength decline. These results reinforce the need for integrated strategies that include hormone therapy, physical exercise, and metabolic control to improve muscle health and quality of life in women in the menopausal transition.