Tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil, período 2013 - 2022

Abstract

Introduction: There is a significant increase in deaths from external causes and chronic non-communicable diseases, with cardiovascular diseases identified as the main cause of death in this group. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend in the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. Method: This is quantitative, ecological research analyzing secondary health data, which were obtained through the Department of Information and IT of the Unified Health System. Using the data, a time series of mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in Brazil was carried out. , covering the period between 2013 and 2022. The tabulation was done using Google Spreadsheets, where the data was computed and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results: The trend in the CVD mortality rate, per 100 thousand inhabitants, was increasing (2013-2022), mainly in the rates corresponding to the South and Southeast regions, where the highest rates stood out in 2016, 2021 and 2022, and in the Southeast region also in the years 2016, 2021 and 2022, with emphasis on the Northeast region, which has been showing a considerable increase in the CVD mortality rate in the recent years. It is noteworthy that AMI is the biggest cause of death among the pathologies that make up cardiovascular diseases and presented the highest number of deaths in 2022, reaching almost 100,000. When carrying out the sociodemographic categorization, an increase in the percentage was evident in relation to the variables of sex, color/race and marital status. Therefore, only in the variables of education and age groups were some reductions observed, with the elderly population still prevailing as the one most affected by cardiovascular diseases. When using the early mortality rate, it was observed that, in 2013, the state of Roraima was the only state that had a high early mortality rate, thus exceeding the number of deaths in the elderly population. It is also evident that throughout the period considered, the highest proportion of deaths occurred in males, of white race/color, with low education and married. Conclusion: The study identified a constant increase in the CVD mortality rate during the years 2013 to 2022. Therefore, it is extremely important that there be more research on this topic and investment in Public Policies and promotion, prevention and protection actions aimed at cardiovascular diseases.