Polifarmácia e risco de quedas em idosos comunitários: resultados do estudo PRO-EVA

Abstract

Introduction: Aging is associated with many changes that increase the vulnerability of older adults, including polypharmacy, defined as the simultaneous use of multiple medications. This can lead to drug interactions and adverse effects, which are factors influencing the risk of falls, especially in frail older peoples. Early identification of risk factors, such as polypharmacy, is essential for interventions in Primary Health Care (PHC). Objectives: To analyze the association between polypharmacy and fall risk in community-dwelling elderly individuals and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 818 community-dwelling elderly individuals, assessing socio-economic, clinical, and functional data. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. Fall risk was assessed using the FRRISque tool and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: The prevalence of polypharmacy was 14%, and those using multiple medications had a 3.26 times greater risk of falls (p < 0.001). Factors such as chronic pain, previous falls, and lower SPPB scores were also associated with an increased risk of falls. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant association of polypharmacy with the risk of falls and the need for special attention to polypharmacy in PHC. Early identification and screening of risk factors are essential to prevent falls and promote active and healthy aging.