O projeto urbano enquanto processo projetual: compreensão, prática e especificidades

Abstract

This thesis investigates the design process in urban and architectural design; as object, the urban design process, performed by architecture and urbanism graduation course students of Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), during workshops, offered for this purpose. The research question is subdivided in three: has urban design any specificities as design process; how designers understand and practice the urban design; still, how they seen their own design experience; considering the adopted context? Assumes as hypothesis the affirmation that urban design process has specificities; that in adopted cutout, designs are predominantly generated taking previous experiences, than methodological strategies that aim tools for design process, looking for solution and final products, instead design problem and process; so, a less reflexive practice, without knowing clearly the concept, topics and contexts inherent to urban design, and with most technocratic approach than methodological. The goal is to identify which are the urban design specificities through confrontation, in one side by theoretical-methodological approach of rational problem solving and reflection in action, and in other side, design process analysis developed in workshops with training designers, specifically the architecture and urbanism graduation course of UFPB. The research is structured by three Investigation Axis, to know: Axis 1 – Positioning of designers about their own design process; Axis 2 – Understanding and practice of urban design; Axis 3 – Comparison between practices of urban and architectural design. The method gets backing in the rational problem solution by Simon (2019), with counterpoint in reflection in action by Schön (1983), both as argued by Dorst & Dijkhuis (1995); in association with design workshop and focal group as data collect strategies. The thesis is based in theoretical-analytical discussions about urban design, design process in general, mapping methods, and design workshop as design practice facilitator. As outcomes, some specificities of urban design, as design process, are presented from the comparison of architectural design practice. This (urban design) has more analytical, strategic, methodological, constructive and immaterial character; meanwhile the second one, has an analytical, solution aimed, practical and material. In adopted outcut, is possible to identify reflexive practices of design, knowing of concept and aspects of urban design practice, also as, the designers approaches their own design process critically.