Densidade sistêmica e forma urbana em habitação de interesse social: parâmetros de qualidade espacial no contexto urbano de João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

In cities in developing countries, with an intense increase in the urban population, a serious housing crisis for the poor and unequal and impacting urbanization patterns, the need for decent housing for the most vulnerable is recurrent. In this context, the thesis discusses the distribution of housing in the territory through the concepts of density and its effects on urban form, associated with the production of Social Interest Housing (HIS), with housing density being the focus of the research. It questions how the density in HIS developments influences urban forms and urbanization patterns in the HIS production process. It highlights density as a planning tool due to its multivariable approaches in managing urban expansion with rationality in land occupation, contributing to people's comfort, safety and habitability. Defines the city of João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba, as an empirical universe of study where the process of unequal, selective and disorderly occupation under the gaze of urban density, evidences territorial clashes between formal enterprises and informal settlements in the lower segments purchasing power of the population. Given the above, the research hypothesis is that the housing density practiced both in the public production of HIS in João Pessoa-PB and in the self-built production of housing, exerted a significant influence on the dispersed urban form and the unsustainable urbanization pattern of the municipality. It presents the concept of Systemic Density in the planning process directed towards HIS, as an interdisciplinary field capable of articulating scales and connecting urban fabrics, in line with contemporary systemic thinking, transcending the physical and spatial dimensions addressed in the density literature. Among the adopted methodological procedures, the observation on the transformations of the densities from the governmental housing complexes of the city of João Pessoa-PB and its influence in the urban form, the collection of primary data in public agencies, the interpretation of satellite images stand out., the systemic approach to data analysis and quantitative and qualitative parameters of housing density for guidelines for State public policies. In the final chapter, it recognizes the hybrid open court representative of the compact urban form capable of achieving the planned density in the sustainable production of HIS and in this bias, case study scenarios are developed in pre-existing housing complexes, as an argument and critical position in favor of viable spatial concreteness. In urban centers where the provision of decent housing for the most vulnerable is a major challenge, whether in areas of urban expansion or consolidated, the thesis demonstrates the potential of the block as an adequate scale for gradual and continuous urban planning, provided it is guided by the Systemic Density concept.