Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de colo do útero no período de 2012 a 2016 na Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer (LNRCC)

Abstract

Cervical Cancer, also called cervical cancer, is a neoplasm that affects the cervix and ranks fourth in the mortality rate from cancer among women around the world, being considered a public health problem. The main causal agent is human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and some risk factors are related to increased contamination by this virus such as age group, exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco, early onset of sex life, multiple partners and low socioeconomic status. In addition, the irregularity in the performance of the preventive examination of oncotic cytology and the consequent late diagnosis have proved relevant for the high rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological profile of women with Cervical Cancer attended in the Riograndense Northern League Against Cancer. A research on the subject is justified due to the retrospective, quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study based on data from the hospital registry of patients followed from January 2012 to December 2016. Regarding the methodology, information was collected from 1234 women aged 18 to 100 years. The highest incidence of neoplasia was between 30-39 years (25.4%). Most were brown (65%) and had incomplete elementary school (45%). Regarding lifestyle, 473 patients (38%) denied a history of alcoholism and 442 (36%) they had no history of smoking, although these data were distorted due to underreporting of 45.5% and 33.2%, respectively. Although the clinical stage of 30% of patients was not reported, the recorded data revealed that stage III was the most expressive (37%). Regarding disease control, after one year of treatment, 659 patients (53%) showed no evidence of the disease. Of the total of 1234 patients 269 (22%) died from cancer during the research period. The intersection between schooling and clinical staging indicated that, in stage III, with a portion of 53% of the cases, 48% had incomplete elementary school, which may have influenced late screening. A relationship was observed between disease control during the first year of treatment and clinical stage, demonstrating that 91% of patients with stage I did not present evidence of disease, while for stage III, this percentage decreased significantly to 45%. It is concluded that the results obtained corroborate the current statistics, which point to an important incidence among women over 30 years of age, as well as the occurrence of death in those who were diagnosed late. Therefore, despite being a disease with a 100% chance of cure, if diagnosed early, there is still a high mortality rate among affected women, which reflects the importance of investing in educational and preventive actions, with the objective of demystify rooted cultures and raise awareness among women about their responsibility for their health. At the same time, the infrastructure of basic health units and professional training should receive special attention so that the practice of the examination is feasible and early prevention or diagnosis is an effective reality.