A interprofissionalidade na formação e na prática do bacharel em saúde coletiva

Abstract

Introduction: The undergraduate degree in Collective Health recognizes that the field of Collective Health lacks professionals with a broad education, who treat health in its global and integrative vision and who are able to dialogue with other health professionals. From this perspective, the Bachelor in Collective Health (BCH) is expected to articulate and create opportunities with the team of health professionals with a view to interprofessionality. Objective: To analyze interprofessionality in the education and practice of the BCH with a view to its sustainability. Method: descriptive-exploratory research, with a qualitativequantitative approach. Data collection was carried out in three stages, namely: a scoping review, which began with the construction, registration and publication of the Protocol through the article “Sustainability of Interprofessional Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review” and the subsequent Scoping Review developed according to the criteria of the JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual and guided by PRISMA-ScR. In this stage, the strategies for the sustainability of Interprofessional Education (IPE) were mapped. In the second stage, a self-administered form was used as a data collection tool, structured with closed questions and applied using Google Forms. Information was collected on the professional's profile, the activities carried out in health services and questions about their training and work in terms of interprofessionality from 107 BCH. In the third stage, the collection technique used was interviews. Conducted virtually with 29 BCH, via Google Meet, the interviews sought to capture the subjects' perception of the presence of interprofessionality in their training process, during graduation, and in their professional practice. Data from the forms was analyzed using Jamovi, using descriptive statistics; data from the interviews was analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique, using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: The protocol (Article 1) guided the scoping review (Article 2), in which 57 productions were selected, mostly developed in the years 2021 and 2022, with a predominance in the United States of America. The World Health Organization's definition of IPE was the most widely used. Sustainability strategies were mapped at the micro, meso and macro levels. Article 3 showed that BCHs are mainly active in the areas of Health Planning and Management, Health Policy, Work Management and others. It showed that BCHs are in a position to foster interprofessionality in their health work processes. Article 4 showed that undergraduate courses in Collective Health are close to the principles of Interprofessionality and provide experiences in teaching, research and extension. Article 5 pointed out the factors that facilitate or hinder interprofessional work. More hindering elements were found than facilitating ones for the development of interprofessional work. Final considerations: In view of the research findings, it is argued that bachelors in Collective Health can be an agent for promoting interprofessional work in health services. However, for this to happen, it will be necessary, in addition to other measures, to have a training process and Permanent Health Education aimed at interprofessional education.