Avaliação dos sintomas urinários em mulheres com e sem histerectomia vaginal

Abstract

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to a group of symptoms related to the storage, voiding, and/or post-voiding phases of urination. Among the most prevalent symptoms are urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urinary incontinence (UI). One of the factors that may contribute to or exacerbate LUTS is hysterectomy. Objective: To evaluate urinary symptoms in women with and without vaginal hysterectomy. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Januário Cicco Maternity School, located in Natal, RN, Brazil, between August 2023 and September 2024. A total of 68 women were included, divided into two groups: Group 1 (women with a history of hysterectomy) and Group 2 (women without a history of hysterectomy). The procedure consisted of an initial evaluation (anamnesis and physical examination) and the application of a questionnaire (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form - ICIQ-SF). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. Sociodemographic and clinical parameters were presented in descriptive tables showing median values and interquartile ranges (25th and 75th percentiles). Categorical variables were analyzed using absolute frequencies and percentages. For group comparisons, the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: Women in Group 1 showed higher median values for vaginal delivery choice, number of episiotomies, and urinary frequency compared to Group 2. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing urinary symptoms between groups (p > 0.05). However, when measuring and quantifying the impacts of UI, a significant reduction in quality of life (QoL) was identified in these women. Conclusion: The evaluation of urinary symptoms using the ICIQ-SF revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, a significant reduction in QoL was observed among the women