Análise temporal da taxa de mortalidade neonatal no Brasil, 2013 a 2022

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of the neonatal mortality rate in Brazil, from 2013 to 2022. Method: It refers to a quantitative, ecological study with temporal trend analysis of neonatal mortality in Brazil, from 2013 to 2022, with the variables studied being: neonatal deaths from (0 to 27 completed days, race/color, mother's age , education, type of pregnancy and type of birth. The variables were extracted from the Information and IT Department of the Unified Health System, the Mortality Information System and the Birth Information System. Alive, analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.Results: The average neonatal mortality rate was 9.20 per 1,000 live births, while the early neonatal component had a rate of 6.93, while the late mortality component had a rate of 2.26. The highest average neonatal mortality rates were recorded in the Northeast region, with 10.29/1,000 live births and in the North region with 10.10/1,000 live births, while the South region had the lowest average rate of infant deaths (7.18 /1,000). It should be noted that most of the neonatal death variables showed a reduction, with the exception of the variable of black race/color (16.02%) and indigenous (3.15%), considering the mother's age, categories 35 were 39 years old (46.05%) and 40 to 49 years old (26.09%) and mother's education, the highest percentage of deaths was in those aged 12 or over (35.78%) and 8 to 11 years old (3.78%). On the other hand, the variables of type of pregnancy and type of birth showed a decrease in all categories. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in neonatal mortality, it is essential to expand and improve actions, strategies and public health policies aimed at maternal and child care to reduce child mortality and ensure better living conditions.