Governança em áreas naturais protegidas: uma análise na perspectiva do lazer, turismo e violência no Parque Estadual do Utinga/PA e Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal/RN

Abstract

Socio-environmental conflicts are part of discussions in the context of protected natural áreas, related mainly to human actions causing effects on natural resources or even on social issues linked to the exclusion of residents of the áreas, the democratic participation of the communities not in the decision-making process of the ANP's management and also the impacts related to the context in which these areas are located as urban violence Considers that these aspects tend to influence governance performance, as well as in the development of public activities of these ANP's. Thus, it is understood that the ANP's managers Advice should get democratic and integrative governance seeking to reach the effectiveness of governance to minimize these impacts. The object of the present research consists of two state parks, the Utinga/PA and the Dunes of Natal/RN, since both belong to the category of national parks, which encourage visitation and eco-tourism, In addition, are within urban and Tourist Poles are representative regarding the number of annual visitation. It should be noted that in both have suffered from the presence of urban violence and are inserted in cities that have high rate of violence and are among the 10 most violent capital of Brazil according to the Atlas of Violence 2018. In this way, the overall objective of this research is to analyze how the perception of the fear of violence has influenced on visitation and governance the Managing Council of the Utinga/PA State Park and State Park dunes of Natal/RN for the development of leisure activities and tourism. Thus, for construction of the bibliographic surveys were conducted research and theoretical and methodological discussion document on the subject. The character is descriptive and exploratory research, and qualitative approach was used, mainly based on content analysis technique. the Governance Analytics matrix Nakamura (2015), therefore, the Governance Analytics matrix Nóbrega (2015), therefore, the survey obtained the following results, it was possible to identify that occurs or has occurred episodes of violence crime and order environment in parks, that in the public sector are developed several leisure activities and recreation for visitors, highlighting the case of Utinga Park where offer activities related to ecotourism for visitors and communities, In addition, identified that the governance of both Counsels Managers have elements that demonstrate in your operation, but legalities, present some aspects of weaknesses, however, work to achieve balance and good performance of the instance. Furthermore, it was possible to get an understanding that the perception of fear of violence influences the process of visiting areas of public use, in the sense that, According to the semi-structured interviews there is a change in the behavior of visitors linked the presence of fear/fear of victims episodes of violence to get out of the House to visit the Park. However, the CG's parks, the Utinga/PA and dunes of Natal/RN need to incorporate discussions on aspects of the development of public activities as eco-tourism and leisure. In addition to deliberate actions and strategies to minimize the perception of fear of violence in the visitation process.