Prevalência e perfil de resistência de isolados bacterianos de hemoculturas de recém-nascidos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal da Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco

Abstract

Healthcare-related infections (HAIs) are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Its confirmation occurs through clinical, laboratory and microbiological diagnosis. Studies show that the main bacterial isolates from patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit are Gram-positive cocci, with a predominance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Gram-negative bacillus, from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis, the major complication related to HAIs, is blood culture, and when performed early, it can prevent complications and neonatal deaths with adequate antimicrobial treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial isolates from positive blood cultures of newborns from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Januário Cicco Maternity School. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out with data from positive blood cultures for bacterial growth of neonates admitted from July 2018 to June 2021 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. A descriptive analysis was performed, in which the prevalence of positive blood cultures were calculated, as well as that of the isolated bacterial species and their respective resistance profiles. During the period studied, 12.68% of blood cultures were positive for bacterial growth, with the highest prevalence of Gram-positive cocci bacteria (57.6%). Among the most prevalent, the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) group corresponded to 43.89%, and the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus species, 13.36% and 9.54%, respectively. Of the CNS, 60.8% had a multidrug resistance profile, Klebsiella pneumoniae 60% and Citrobacter sp. 50%. Thus, strategies to control nosocomial infections are important since the impact of the spread of multidrug-resistant strains is directly related to therapeutic failures, high hospital costs, increased hospitalization and mortality, especially in Intensive Care Units.