Bactérias patogênicas de importância médica isoladas de ambientes aquáticos eutrofizados em países sul-americanos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Waterborne diseases have been among the main medical concerns in recent years. Water, as essential to life, must display characteristics that make it fundamental to social organization, leisure and work activities. The balneability of the various bodies of water is one of the crucial points for their usability. Constant threats to the integrity of river basins caused by various effluents from anthropogenic activities are among the usual reasons for pollution and subsequent alteration of the trophic state of various bodies of water. In this context, inspection bodies routinely collect data to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water sources that supply large urban centers and remote environments, providing data for the construction of strategies that legitimize decision-making regarding the tracking, care and maintenance of an adequate trophic state. In this socio-environmental scenario and its complex interactions, a concept emerges that is constructed on the basis of water quality standards: eutrophication. This pattern of trophism is associated with the most diverse pathologies caused by pathogens adapted to aquatic environments with high salinity, low concentrations of available oxygen, variable pH, little or no sunlight and with genetic strategies that increase their survival and multiplication with the greater supply of carbon sources they use as an energy matrix. Considering the various risks to health systems, especially in emerging countries, bacteria of medical importance are implicated in serious cases of enteric diseases and deaths, making it urgent to propose, research, adapt strategies and produce knowledge whose aim is to restore the integrity of eutrophied bodies of water, with the re-establishment of adequate microbiological standards. pathologies associated with them. In this review, the search for scientific articles dealing with this topic returned 5 significant papers and sheds light on future proposals regarding investments in research covering pathogenic bacteria, their importance in eutrophicated aquatic environments and medical advances in the treatment of pathologies associated with them.