Cobertura vacinal da Covid-19 e seu impacto na mortalidade em um estado do Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 brought with it numerous challenges regarding the discovery of conditioning factors for the worsening of the disease and its forms of treatment, as well as the search for the rapid development of safe and effective immunizers to combat the virus, to contribute to the reduction of mortality cases in Brazil. The study aims to evaluate the vaccination coverage of COVID-19 and its association with the mortality indicator in the adolescent, adult and elderly population in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This is an ecological, quantitative study on the vaccinated population in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, through data made available by the health information systems e-SUS Epidemiological Surveillance (e-SUS-VE), in the period from January 2021 to March 2022. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software, used for data grouping, as well as JoinPoint software used for statistical analysis. The vaccination coverage goal set by the PNI is at least 90% of the target population vaccinated. The results revealed that the statewide average vaccination coverage in the period studied was 81.8%. The following regions had outstanding vaccination coverage: Alto Oeste - VI and Seridó - IV, with 91% and 83%, respectively. The region with the highest rate of cases during the study period was the Seridó - IV region, with 23.9%, followed by the Alto Oeste health region VI, with 19.1%. As for the number of deaths, the Metropolitan VII and Vale do Açu VIII regions had the most expressive numbers, with 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively. The results found showed that the lower the vaccination coverage, the higher the incidence of deaths, except for the metropolitan region (Regional VII), which even presenting the third highest percentage of vaccination coverage among the eight regions, recorded the highest percentage of deaths. Therefore, considering most of the findings, it can be said that there is a relationship between vaccination coverage and the number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 among the health regions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). It is concluded that in the period analyzed Rio Grande do Norte had a coverage below the national average of 90%, however, a positive impact on the reduction of mortality in the same period studied can be seen.