Política orientada ao transporte urbano de baixo carbono: avaliação multicriterial de estratégias para Natal, Brasil

Abstract

The intensification of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere has brought a major concern of the 21st century: climate change. Transportation, the second largest emitter, is a key element in the quest for minimizing the effects caused by global warming. However, the paradigm of sustainable urban mobility is, for urban planners, a challenge: they try to meet the needs of the population in terms of displacement, accessibility and cost, in the same time they seek to reduce the environmental impact of industry. The alternative of researchers in copingthis challenge is to propose strategies for low-carbon transport. Through bibliographic al review, we identified eight strategies most used: Land use Control, Transit Oriented Demand (TOD), Vehicle Tax, Public Transport, Traffic Control, Low Emission Vehicle, Urban Taxes and Eco driving Education. Considering these strategies to minimize emissions of carbon dioxide in urban transport, the present study aimed to identify which, with a smaller negative impact on mobility, are more susceptible deployment in Natal (Brazil). In the study we used an analysis of political, technical experts and researchers, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decision support tool. The criteria used in the method of analysis were technical, legal, political, financial and management aspects. Electronic questionnaire was used for data collection and spreadsheet for its processing. Regarding the hierarchy of strategies, main object of this study, respondents gave priority to Public Transport, followed by Control Land Use, Transit Oriented Demand, Traffic Control, Ecodriving Education, Low Emission Vehicle, UrbanTaxes Vehicle Tax. Regarding the aspects considered, the results indicate that the most important decision aspects were political and management ones, the least important ones were the, legal, technical and financial ones.