O processo de urbanização e o uso agrícola do território na região metropolitana de Natal/RN – 1990 a 2015

Abstract

There are few studies on rural and urban, town and country, the Brazilian Geography. However, analyzing the urbanization as a process that occurs throughout the country, and rural and urban content while coexisting in the geographic space is challenging. Thus, this work tries to escape the dichotomy, once undertaken the analysis of rural and urban, from an integrated view of space, aiming to analyze the agricultural use of the land in Greater Natal and the same process of urbanization. For this, it elaborated an urbanization rate from pre-selected variables that considers the different technical levels and allows you to view the density of urbanization in each municipality of RMN, according to the real conditions, and proportional to population size and their demands. Two of the RMN of municipalities are considered by the government and by the IBGE, as 100% urban. However, field research revealed the remarkable presence of rural content in these municipalities and urban areas where the content is thin, with the occurrence of agricultural use of these municipalities. This regulation has consequences for farmers, which besides not having access to some government policies and programs, because they live in municipalities 100% urban, yet do not receive technical assistance, and need to pay property tax, when, according to the nature of the activity developed and the characteristics of locality should be charged for the ITR. Moreover, agriculture is responsible for generating many jobs in RMN, with municipalities where there is a considerable percentage of workers covered by the primary sector, and also in most of the municipalities land used for cultivation and pastures is quite considerable, there the importance of studying the agricultural land use in RMN. With the survey found that it's in Natal where increased urban density is found, since it is in this city where there is a greater materiality of that content. What can be attributed to both the internal demand of the population of this municipality, as the demand generated by other municipalities in the state, resulting in the occurrence of a strong central Christmas. The municipalities of Parnamirim and São Gonçalo do Amarante has increased its centrality, the first, the second municipality with greater urbanization rate. However, even with the highest levels of urbanization, there is, in these municipalities, rarefactions areas of urban content and density of rural content that may be perceived to be in people's way of life or even in agricultural practice with ruralities features that show the coexistence of rural and urban content into the same space.