Análise da hipotermia não intencional em pacientes cardiopatas: coorte retrospectiva

Abstract

Unintentional hypothermia is the focus of this research and was observed in patients with heart disease who did not undergo a surgical procedure. This is a retrospective cohort study with computerized charts, whose main objective is to analyze the phenomenon of hypothermia in patients with heart disease between the admission period and the occurrence of this outcome. All medical records of patients hospitalized in the cardiologic unit for adults of a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast, from August 2016 to July 2018, were considered. The collection resulted in 1009 records, of which 645 were hospitalized for heart disease. These were analyzed and 109 were selected because they met the eligibility criteria previously established and therefore are present in this study. Data were collected from July to September of 2018 through the use of an instrument with sociodemographic, clinical data and nursing diagnosis indicators Hypothermia. The data were categorized and organized into a spreadsheet constructed in Microsoft Excel for Windows and exported to statistical package for simple frequency analysis, central tendency measures and variability, Chi-square test, Fisher, and relative risk calculation when there was statistical significance. The results showed the incidence of hypothermia in 87.16% of the sample, with an average of 2.39 days for onset. Prevalence of 67 (61.47%) male patients, age less than or equal to 60 years (54.13%), with a mean of 56.74 years. 72 (70.59%) lived with a partner, 74 (73.27%) were born and 56 (53.85%) lived in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). As shown, the variables related to the diagnosis of nursing hypothermia did not present statistically significant associations with the occurrence of the event. In this study, difficulties were encountered in obtaining important data such as weight and height, for example, considered relevant variables when observing the appearance of unintentional hypothermia. Nurses are professionals who are on the front line in care and perform direct care to patients. Therefore, they have the ability to decide on the best evidence-based methods and equipment that best portray the health status of patients. The development of prospective and comparative non-intentional hypothermia surveys among screening methods should be encouraged with a view to provide strong evidence on this subject.