Avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem sobre o pré-natal de risco habitual para estudantes da graduação em enfermagem

Abstract

Prenatal consultation is an important tool to ensure maternal-fetal and neonatal health and, therefore, undergraduate nursing students should be able to monitor and detect gestational risk factors. The evaluation in teaching in this area of competencies and nurse's work needs to be performed so that the factors that make learning difficult are identified and solved, in order to empower students in skills and abilities related to prenatal consultation. Thus, the present study was motivated by the perception that there are gaps in evaluative research, in the educational field, related to the training of nurses for the prenatal consultation at usual risk. This study aims to evaluate the teaching and learning of undergraduate students in nursing on the skills and ability acquired in theoretical / practical teaching and supervised internships on habitual prenatal risk. It is a cross-sectional, normative evaluation study with quantitative data. It was carried out in the Nursing Department of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), located in Natal / RN, with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of UFRN for number 2,698,375. The population was composed of 53 students regularly enrolled in the 7th and 8th periods, in the disciplines: Comprehensive Health Care III and Supervised Internship I: the nursing work process in basic health care. The data collection was done through a questionnaire elaborated based on the protocol of the Ministry of Health together with the Institute of Education and Research of the Syrian-Lebanese. which contains the variables distributed in eight axes of knowledge, which are: Axis 1- General and specific physical examination; Axis 2 - Laboratory tests; Axis 3- Signs of alertness in pregnancy; Axis 4-Gestational risk assessment; Axis 5- Fill of the pregnant woman's book; Axis 6-Supplementation of iron and folic acid; Axis 7- Immunization; Axis 8 - Educational guidelines, which together form the habitual risk prenatal consultation. The variables were investigated through the Likert scale with five-position ranks, such as: (1) does not perform identifies, (2) performs with difficulty, (3) performs partially (4) performs almost totally and (5) performs safely. For descriptive analysis of the data, frequency and percentage values were used. As a result, the most satisfactory data were found in axis 5 and the most unsatisfactory responses, in axis 3, in the variables decreased fetal movement, epigastralgia, and visual scotomas, which less than 40% of the students responded to fully identify with safety, and on axis 4, in the variable signs indicative of emergency referral and emergency, in which only 54.72% of the students said they were totally safe to identify. The findings of the study point out that there is a need to improve the skills and competences developed by nursing students in the eight axes that contemplate habitual risk prenatal consultation, with an emphasis on axis 3, which refers to the identification of the presence of warning signs in pregnancy, and in Axis 4, which reveals the gestational risk assessment, were the ones that presented the lowest percentages of achievement with almost or totally with safety.