Estrutura de produção da região Nordeste e estados nos anos de 2010 e 2015: uma contribuição a partir da abordagem insumo-produto

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the productive structure of the Northeast region of Brazil, as well as the states belonging to the region, and to evaluate the importance of the economic activities present in its territory in the years 2010 and 2015. Despite the growth experienced by the Brazilian economy until the 2008 international financial crisis benefits the reduction of regional disparities, it is observed that, in 2010, the Northeast accounts for only 13.5% of national income, his per capita income is less than the half of the national per capita income and, by comparison with the richest state in the country, São Paulo, the difference is approximately three times. On the other hand, when considering the illiteracy rate, while the national average is 8.9%, the Northeast average is 17.6%, the highest average among the macro-regions. Therefore, given the macro-regional heterogeneity and persistence of structural problems, what is the structure of the interactions between the sectors of economic activity present in the Northeast, as well as the states belonging to the region, in the recent period? To answer this question, based on the hypothesis that the current production structure of the Northeast region is conditioned to its historical background and to the cyclical movement of the national economic dynamics, based on the national input-output matrix and a combination of simple location quotients and regionalization of the matrices using the RAS method, were estimated input-output matrices for the region and states covering 40 activities in the years 2010 and 2015. From the analysis undertaken, it appears that the Northeastern productive structure is concentrated in few activities. The states of Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco showed the best results in terms of productive linkages between activities, while the other states have, in general, less dynamic sectors. Furthermore, the significantly disparate results between the most developed states in the region and the others imply that the historical heterogeneity of the Northeastern productive fabric is reaffirmed, so that there are several Northeasts.