Liderança e desempenho empresarial da hotelaria moçambicana

Abstract

The present study, of a descriptive nature and quantitative approach, sought to identify the relationship between leadership and business performance in the Mozambican hotel industry. To carry out the research, two instruments were used, one on leadership containing 28 indicators, answered by employees without management or leadership positions, adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 6S Form instrument developed by Bass and Avolio (2004); and, one on hotel performance adapted from that developed by Medeiros (2003), containing 26 indicators, among them: occupancy rate, average daily rate, average length of stay, general performance and quality of services provided, this answered by managers. The data were analyzed through the application of statistical techniques of factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires to 124 employees from different operational areas and 23 hotel managers, in the three main Mozambican cities, Maputo, Beira and Nampula. The main results found were seven latent dimensions of leadership, with a total explained variance of 79.7%. A causal relationship was also found, showing that two latent dimensions of leadership explain (R2 ) 28.7% of the business performance of the hotels surveyed, the management by exception dimension negatively influences hotel performance (β = -0.38), and the influence dimension idealization (charisma) positively influences hotel performance (β = 0.36). It is concluded that the predominant leadership style in the Mozambican hotel industry is charismatic leadership (idealized influence), explained in 41.6%, and that leadership styles influence the business performance of the Mozambican hotel industry.